Resilient Control of Offshore Wind Transmission Systems for a Net-Zero Grid

Project Description:

This project is closed to new applicants

This PhD scholarship is offered by the EPSRC CDT in Offshore Wind Energy Sustainability and Resilience; a partnership between the Universities of Durham, Hull, Loughborough and Sheffield. The successful applicant will undertake six-month of training with the rest of the CDT cohort at the University of Hull before continuing their PhD research at Durham University.

Offshore wind is poised to supply a large share of the UK’s electricity, but the transmission links that carry this power ashore remain a vulnerability. As the system becomes dominated by power-electronic converters and multi-terminal HVDC grids, faults can trigger unstable behaviour and slow recovery. Every extra minute of curtailed export increases costs and erodes confidence in scaling offshore wind. The challenge is clear: we need offshore transmission that not only rides through severe events, but also recovers quickly, cleanly and safely. 

This project tackles that challenge by developing grid-forming HVDC control strategies that stabilise voltage and frequency during contingencies and enable fast, oscillation-free restoration after faults. The work aims to cut downtime, reduce energy not served and provide practical support for black-start and re-energisation procedures. The impact is a step-change in offshore system resilience, directly supporting secure integration of large volumes of offshore wind on the path to net zero. 

The approach blends rigorous control design with high-fidelity electromagnetic transient (EMT) modelling. You will build coupled AC-MTDC models of offshore networks and onshore grids, design grid-forming controllers (e.g. virtual synchronous machine), and stress-test them across realistic extreme-event libraries. Where feasible, you will validate with hardware-in-the-loop facilities and co-develop scenarios with industrial partners, translating results into open models and software for operator use.  

The outcomes will support more secure offshore power delivery, reduced disruption during extreme conditions, and greater confidence in scaling offshore wind as a cornerstone of the UK’s net-zero grid.

This project is well suited to candidates with backgrounds in electrical engineering, power systems, control or power electronics who enjoy modelling, algorithms and practical validation. You will gain sought-after expertise at the intersection of EMT simulation, converter control and system resilience, which are skills in high demand across transmission owners, HVDC vendors, offshore developers and test centres, as well as a strong platform for an academic career. 

Training and development

You will benefit from a taught programme, giving you a broad understanding of the breadth and depth of current and emerging offshore wind sector needs. This begins with an intensive six-month programme at the University of Hull for the new student intake, drawing on the expertise and facilities of all four academic partners. It is supplemented by Continuing Professional Development (CPD), which is embedded throughout your 4-year research scholarship.

There are a number of training opportunities available through Durham University, including Advanced Research Computing (Git/Python/ML/ HPC) and Smart Grid Lab training for EMT/HIL practice. You will also be able to access courses through the National HVDC Centre, PhD short courses (e.g. Aalborg: grid-forming), and EMT training.

If you have any queries about this project, please contact Dr Mahmoud Shahbazi (Mahmoud.shahbazi@durham.ac.uk)  

You may also address queries about the CDT to auracdt@hull.ac.uk.

Watch our short video to hear from Aura CDT students, academics and industry partners:

References & Further Reading 

Shahbazi, Mahmoud. “An efficient universal AC/DC branch model for optimal power flow studies in hybrid AC/DC systems.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (2024). 

ENTSO-E, “Grid forming capability of power park modules – First interim report on technical requirements,” 2024. 

Pan, Rongcai, et al. “Enhanced grid forming control for MMC-HVDC with DC power and voltage regulation.” Electric Power Systems Research 229 (2024): 110166.